LL-37 (also known as cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) is a 37-amino acid cationic antimicrobial peptide, the only human member of the cathelicidin family. LL-37 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses through membrane disruption mechanisms, and it functions as an immune modulator by promoting chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Expressed primarily in neutrophils, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes, LL-37 is studied in dermatological research for rosacea, psoriasis, and chronic wound models. The peptide was removed from FDA Category 2 restriction in April 2026. LL-37 research is complicated by its susceptibility to protease degradation and salt sensitivity, requiring careful experimental design with appropriate controls.