MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome. First identified by researchers at the University of Southern California, MOTS-c regulates metabolic homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function in preclinical models. The peptide acts as an exercise mimetic, promoting energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation through AMPK pathway activation. MOTS-c was among the peptides removed from FDA Category 2 restriction in April 2026, enabling compounding pharmacy access pending PCAC review. The peptide is supplied as a lyophilized powder for research into age-related metabolic decline, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Directory listing last reviewed July 2026.